Samsung releases Gen5 SSD: Performance uation and application advantages of two PM1743 and PM9D3a models
With the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, and 5G technology, the demand for data computing and efficient storage is constantly increasing. As a leading global supplier of storage device technology, Samsung has officially released the PM9D3a solid-state drive. As a cutting-edge PCIe Gen5.0 NVMe SSD, the PM9D3a provides unparalleled performance and energy efficiency for enterprise servers and multi-core processing data systems. With Samsung's eighth generation 3D V-NAND technology, the PM9D3a can achieve sequential read and write speeds of 12000MB/s and 6800MB/s, respectively. Its capacity of up to 15.36TB and diverse specification options ensure that it can meet the storage needs of various data centers. The new generation PM9D3a not only improves performance, but also helps data centers reduce operating costs and effectively address environmental challenges through improved heat dissipation and power efficiency design. This SSD is an ideal choice for adapting to AI, machine learning, and large-scale data processing, ushering in a new era of data storage.
A Comprehensive Interpretation of RAID Cards: From Basic Knowledge to Brand Selection
This article provides a detailed introduction to the relevant knowledge of server RAID cards, including the basic concepts, main brands, product roadmap, specific model explanations, as well as the interconnection between RAID cards, servers, and hard drives, to help you better understand and apply RAID technology.
This article provides a detailed guide on upgrading hard drive firmware using the hdparm tool. It includes an overview of the tool's features, step-by-step instructions, necessary precautions, and answers to common questions to help users achieve a smooth firmware update.
1. Operating System: Linux OS
2. If your hard drive is in the following modes:
(Upgrade restricted, CPU > RAID Card {RAID Mode} > HDD/SSD)
(Upgrade restricted, CPU > South Bridge {SATA Controller} (*in BIOS / RAID Mode) > HDD/SSD)
3. Please switch to the following modes:
(Upgrade unrestricted: CPU > RAID Card {JBOD Mode} > HDD/SSD)
(Upgrade unrestricted: CPU > South Bridge {SATA Controller} (*in BIOS / AHCI Mode) > HDD/SSD)
4. Linux OS Tool Version: The version of hdparm must support firmware updates, requiring version 9.60 or higher.
Commands to install hdparm on different Linux distributions:
Ubuntu/Debian:
sudo apt-get install hdparmCentOS/RHEL:
sudo yum install hdparmFedora:
sudo dnf install hdparmArch Linux:
sudo pacman -S hdparmIf the current version of hdparm does not support firmware updates, you can manually download the latest version:
1. Hard Drive Connection and Recognition
Ensure that the hard drive is correctly connected to the Linux system and is recognized properly. You can use the lsblk or fdisk -l commands to confirm whether the hard drive is recognized by the system.
2. Upload Firmware File
Upload the target firmware version's ***.bin file to your Linux system. It is recommended to store it in the /root directory for easy access.
3. Confirm Hard Drive Device Name
Use the lsblk or fdisk -l command to get the device name of the hard drive (such as /dev/sda, /dev/nvme0n1), which will be used in the upgrade command.
1. Execute Upgrade Command
Execute the following command in the terminal, replacing
hdparm --yes-i-know-what-i-am-doing --please-destroy-my-drive --fwdownload For example:
hdparm --yes-i-know-what-i-am-doing --please-destroy-my-drive --fwdownload /root/firmware.bin /dev/sdaIf the firmware upgrade is successful, a message confirming the success will be displayed.
2. Restart the Hard Drive / linux OS
rebootAfter a successful firmware upgrade, you need to perform a power cycle on the hard drive. You can disconnect and reconnect the hard drive, or restart the system. After restarting, check the hard drive status again to ensure the firmware upgrade has been applied correctly.
By following the steps above, you can successfully upgrade the hard drive firmware in a Linux environment using the hdparm tool. This process carries some risk, so make sure to back up important data before performing the upgrade.
This tutorial does not cover other common operations with the hdparm tool, such as checking hard drive information or running time. For more information, you can refer to the relevant documentation or other resources.
